HoustonChronicle: U.S. plans to shoot down broken spy satellite

U.S. plans to shoot down broken spy satellite
By LOLITA C. BALDOR

WASHINGTON — President Bush has ordered the Pentagon to use a Navy
missile to attempt to destroy a broken U.S. spy satellite — and thereby
minimize the risk to humans from its toxic fuel — by intercepting it
just before it re-enters the atmosphere, officials said today.

The effort — the first of its kind — will be undertaken because of the
potential that people in the area where the satellite would otherwise
crash could be harmed, the officials said.

Deputy National Security Adviser James Jeffrey, briefing reporters at
the Pentagon, did not say when the attempted intercept would be
conducted, but the satellite is expected to hit Earth during the first
week of March.

"This is all about trying to reduce the danger to human beings,"
Jeffrey said.

Gen. James Cartwright, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said
at the same briefing that the "window of opportunity" for such a
shootdown, presumably to be launched from a Navy ship, will open in the
next three or four days and last for seven or eight days. He did not
say whether the Pentagon has decided on an exact launch date.

Cartwright said this will be an unprecedented effort; he would not say
exactly what are the odds of success.

"This is the first time we've used a tactical missile to engage a
spacecraft," Cartwright said.

After extensive study and analysis, U.S. officials came to the
conclusion that, "we're better off taking the attempt than not,"
Cartwright said.

He said a Navy missile known as Standard Missile 3 would be fired in an
attempt to intercept the satellite just prior to it re-entering Earth's
atmosphere. It would be "next to impossible" to hit the satellite after
that because of atmospheric disturbances, Cartwright said.

A second goal, he said, is to directly hit the fuel tank in order to
minimize the amount of fuel that returns to Earth.

Software associated with the Standard Missile 3 has been modified to
enhance the chances of the missile's sensors recognizing that the
satellite is its target; he noted that the missile's designed mission
is to shoot down ballistic missiles, not satellites. Other officials
said the missile's maximum range, while a classified figure, is not
great enough to hit a satellite operating in normal orbits.

"It's a one-time deal," Cartwright said when asked whether the modified
Standard Missile 3 should be considered a new U.S. anti-satellite
weapon technology.

Cartwright also said that if an initial shootdown attempt fails, a
decision will be made whether to take a second shot.

Jeffrey said members of Congress were briefed on the plan earlier today
and that diplomatic notifications to other countries would be made
before the end of the day.

Shooting down a satellite is particularly sensitive because of the
controversy surrounding China's anti-satellite test last year, when
Beijing shot down one of its defunct weather satellites, drawing
immediate criticism from the U.S. and other countries.

A key concern at that time was the debris created by Chinese
satellite's destruction — and that will also be a focus now, as the
U.S. determines exactly when and under what circumstances to shoot down
its errant satellite.

The military will have to choose a time and a location that will avoid
to the greatest degree any damage to other satellites in the sky. Also,
there is the possibility that large pieces could remain, and either
stay in orbit where they can collide with other satellites or possibly
fall to Earth.

It is not known where the satellite will hit. But officials familiar
with the situation say about half of the 5,000-pound spacecraft is
expected to survive its blazing descent through the atmosphere and will
scatter debris — some of it potentially hazardous — over several
hundred miles. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because of
the sensitivity of the matter.

The satellite is outfitted with thrusters — small engines used to
position it in space. They contain the toxic rocket fuel hydrazine,
which can cause harm to anyone who contacts it. Officials have said
there is about 1,000 pounds of propellent on the satellite.

Known by its military designation US 193, the satellite was launched in
December 2006. It lost power and its central computer failed almost
immediately afterward, leaving it uncontrollable. It carried a
sophisticated and secret imaging sensor.

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